Water

Crystal-clear water with a depth always on the road,
Where in existence comes to emotions...
Places facial takes, long, curved flows,
An eye in a cloud of Oman looks to...
With enthusiasm Vuslat Ages, the age when tullenir,
A sweet musical, those who desire.
Rub the sparkling ripples-the wind passes,
Nesve soluklanir momentum with the waves.
Stone hits the stone at the head of a celebrity looking lit
Slip and looks for the day of his Ascension...
Tulle is torn like a insurmountable every bump,
Sequins curtain...curtain around screaming
Purify the air thousands of times run,
Qatar environmental sound sad to the top of his lungs.
The water for the ages to never stop the sky-grooves,
This is overcome with fervent passion, beyond the legends..!
Zealously poems offers a voice, above the words,
Magic flows everywhere around the salar!
The horizon of water is always a consolation it sounds
He finds one in the comfort of...heart
Feelings cagilti tranquility with water;
The horizon horizon the prophet of soil to water in the human..
Sprout like every place he calls heaven,
The booty love was water from Makkah, turns out...

Water and our body

When did you last drink blood? In my childhood came to my mind. Followed by under the sun on a hot summer day with friends and the games we played, we went after the long bike tours in the street, at the fountain, or the garden hose when the soil field matches our Cold Spring water from the village water we have drank a handful of blood.. doyard. It felt too good for words, the source of life in the memories of all of us.. we felt such beautiful scenes. The tasks in bringing this to us the most profound joy for a healthier life, knowing the body of water is required. Water, bread, such as such as air is teeming with people.

The water that sustains all biological Vitality needed for the activities. The continuation of life, the cell, regulation of body temperature, carrying nutrients and oxygen to tissues, our food to be converted into energy in the body, elimination of toxins, provide comfortable operation and protection of our vital organs, the joints to work alone, our skin healthy and wrinkle-free so you always can stay with water can be done.

Çeviri yap:GoogleBing

The rate of water in the body age, gender, obesity, weakness vary depending on situations such as this. The adult human body is approximately 65-70% is water; 2/3 of the water in the cells, the rest is found in blood and in the blood. Human physiological needs of water (1.5 - 2.5 liters) must meet every day. This water about 50% of beverages, 35% food, and 15% to incineration include the oxidation of foods in the body. During this process of metabolism of nutrients for 10 to 14 grams in every 100 calories of metabolic energy consists of water.

The body of water in which the majority of numerous properties, and body fluids are absorbed in the intestine and some with others participating. Metabolic that occur within a cell or body fluid is transferred to water. The water in the body is constantly renewed. About half of the total body water, on average, within ten days from the outside is replaced with water. The rate of renewal of water in the body a day, for adults from approximately 6% in infants and children is around 15%. So in inverse proportion to the body size, the water needs of infants and children is more than that of adults.

Throughout the day perspiration, breath, urine, febrile diseases, excessive protein intake, vomiting, diarrhea situations such as lose water from our body. In cases where there is a lot of water loss, in time of need can be life threatening if not satisfied. Lack of water most quickly affected systems, immune system, circulatory system and digestive system.

In our body there are systems that detect even the smallest changes in the quantity of water. At the beginning of this, comes the part of our brains called the hypothalamus, which is the size of a pea. One of the sensitive issues in the hypothalamus, is the ratio of water in the blood. In the blood a very small drop in blood pressure takes place when water rate is low. This is the first point of blood from the heart on the aorta, which is engaged in baroreseptor tasked with detecting changes in blood pressure. Induced changes in blood pressure sensitive sensors in our brain that hypothalamus will immediately report to the status of the area. The hypothalamus is located just below this 1 cm as a precaution. in size the pituitary gland called ADH (Vasopressin) secretion, a hormone produced stimulates. This hormone reaches the blood circulation through the kidneys and embarks on a long journey. The suitability of a key for a lock such as in the kidneys, there are special receivers that are fully appropriate to this hormone. At the time they reach the kidneys hormones these receptors to the introduction of scheme water savings that forwarded the message. Thus, removing water from the cells of the body in this kidney is lowered to a very small level.

Green Hazard ` Klor`

Title: Green Danger ` Klor`
Author: Bakhtiyar Çobanoğlu
Issue: 7.Sa (July - September 2005)
Subject : Chemical


World to a newly arrived baby's body of harmful chemicals , was it ever comes to your mind could be accumulated from even born ? However , hundreds of industrial compounds that accumulate in the tissues during the mother's life passes through the placenta into the baby's bloodstream . These compounds , while sucking milk after birth even in large doses, will enter the baby's body . Unfortunately, their exposure to even a small amount today , from cancer to mental retardation , infertility, there are a growing number of the evidence may cause mild or severe a problem as the immune system disorders . However, some permanent damage , the child may show itself until it becomes an adult.
Maybe you work in the chemical industry. Even to imagine -pekçok away from pollution sources, albeit big, you can live in a clean environment. However, you will be exposed to chemicals. How Does? Of course, we all share the food, air and by water! Because we are living now has become a repository of industrial waste in the world. For example, since 1940, the production of synthetic organic chemicals present in the United States has increased to forty times. More than 70,000 industrial chemicals are produced and sold. Some of these half a billion kilos per year are produced. Many of them are resistant to natural weathering and time through wind and water currents have spread to the world. Thus, hundreds, or even thousands of manmade chemicals from the deep ocean to the North Pole, to reach anywhere up our circulation of blood from the river and spread. We have tried to draw attention to the chemical name of organochlorines in business form an important part of such a danger. Whether you are here for a little stand-sea, 'combating the enemy must first begin to recognize him' on the fact; us, before mentioning the harmful effects of the environment and even to all future generations, we are in contact every day as a way to know this and we can not avoid the kinds of organochlorines.

So What are organochlorines?

Organochlorines are organic chemical compounds containing one or more chlorine atoms. Durable nature and bio-accumulation (aggregates) are due organochloric-Lori, is polluting the planet almost every inch. Any industrial sources, even in the remote polar regions, very kind and number of organochlorine, whales, seals and polar bears can be found in the tissue. Likewise, they enter in to our bodies. Hundreds of toxic (poisonous), organochlorine, even those not exposed to more pollution, the fat-present in breast milk, is found in the blood and breath. Airborne particles can organochlorine, clone-run in reaching the stratosphere ozone can react and block the harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun pierces the shield. The cause of all the contamination is not organochlorines, of course; Some metals and synthetic organic chemicals are chlorine-free klorsuzlaştırıl constitute a danger to public health. But organochlorines; environment, including harmful pollutants to wildlife and human tissues, formal and informal occupies the most important place in all the official list.

These contaminants are all chlorine gas and industrial production of chemicals derived from it occurs during use and disposal. For this it is necessary to process called chlorine chemistry. Chlorine chemistry starts in an extremely strong electric current is passed through a brine solution to large chemical plants. Its chemical name is sodium chloride with salt, so that we know salt is actually circulating in your body and the ecosystem and establish a link with the organic material in any way that we are, it is a natural compound. However, electrical energy using salts of chloride ions contained in the highly effective nature and is converted to green chlorine gas. The chemical structure of chlorine atom, chlorine gas and organochlorines provides a number of useful features; but the same features to create a very large problems from an environmental perspective. First, chlorine is very reactive. quickly forms a bond with all organic ingredients that come across. Therefore an effective bleaching is a chemical substance used in the synthesis of disinfectants and other chemicals. However, if when chlorine is used, consisting of hundreds or thousands of organochlorine by-product mixtures are formed.

nearly three-quarters of the chlorine; plastics in the chemical industry, pesticides, solvents and as chemical intermediates used for more than 11,000 of uterine my organochlorine compounds. The rest of the chlorine is sold to other industries. For example, it used as a disinfectant or sewage treatment plant in the paper mills as bleaching. Only sixty years after a chlorine chemistry; every animal in the world and people can say they have been exposed to a toxic organochlorine mixtures to the death even before their birth. Second, chlorination is changing the chemical structure of organic matter in earnest. Organochlorines not decompose easily; When used as a coolant in the form of plastic or refrigerators, they are useful because of their long life. However, they are also persistent organochlorines environment. During many years resisted the natural decomposition process, so sometimes the yüzyıllar- air, water and sediment in (the water in the pond bottom) gradually accumulate in higher concentrations. On the other hand, chlorination makes it more reactive substance. Therefore they are used as intermediates in the synthesis process in some organochlorines chemical industry. toxic and likely to turn into cancer organochlorines shape causing the body is higher than the klorlaştırılmamış. Chlorinating the result, one way or another, this would lead to the possibility of increasing the risk of a chemical.

Chlorinating mania causes a problem that can be called the third effect is terrible. The addition of chlorine atoms , org -nik chemicals increases the ability thaw in oil. So organochlorines , cleaning of vehicles that require oil-based products are excellent solvent for industrial processes such as surface coatings. However , it is fat-soluble organochlorine Philippines was once thrown into the environment, in a process called bioaccumulation living beings tend to accumulate in fatty tissue. Bioaccumulative compounds, increasing their concentration in large journey from small organisms to the right , pass the food from the environment. Human tissues , eagles, they reached the top of the food chain where the polar bears and other species , concentrations of some orga - noklorin leads up to a few million times that of the surrounding level.

Finally, almost always increases the effect of chlorination poison. This organochlorines effective insecticides and allows the use of antibiotics is a screw fitting . However, it has unwanted toxic organochlorines are MEK - toxic and they can be released to the environment , to kill non-target organisms and harm to wildlife.

Organochlorines How They Affect Us?

Even in the 1950s, is highly toxic, cancer-causing organochlorines and that, at low doses, it was known that damage the body's organ systems. However, the real size of the problem began to emerge in the last 10-15 years. So far, hundreds of compounds have been tested and examined all of organochlorines; development, reproduction, brain function and in many different ways on vital activities such immunity is understood to have negative effects. Some organochlorines in extremely low concentrations leads to this effect: even in a concentration trillion! This rate, which is 15 kilometers long and a train carrying liquid in the tank-wagon means a drop. by investigating the molecular level of intoxication mechanisms of biological processes it has been shown to disrupt organoklarin the most vital level. Some of those very active mutagen affecting the genetic message in our DNA. Others, alter or prevent the communication to the control of gene expression in gene mix makes them the natural flow of physiology and development activities at inappropriate times between cells. Many of organochlorine, that mimic natural hormones in the body, or has been found to interfere with their work. This kind of exposure as a result of the widespread effects of the compounds are capable of producing extremely striking. Organochlorines; low sperm count, menstrual disorders, miscarriage, changes in sexual behavior, birth abnormalities, impaired brain development and function, decline in mental skills, prevention of controlled development and growth of body tissues, cancer development can lead to incidents like and immunity weakened. People, including all species on earth, are exposed to this work with effects such as organochlorines. After that no contamination does not occur, even; these compounds in the environment, food ingredients, and we will continue to have hundreds of years of future generations through the body tissues.

Environment For the Global Threat

The organochlorine contamination, pose a long-term risk to human health and the environment. The size and seriousness of this threat, climate change is as great as the reduction of nuclear dangers and biodiversity. The global toxic pollution, gradually people all over the world and evidence is increasing on the other creatures affect their health. People and a large number of wild species, close to the dose of negative effects in laboratory animals are exposed routinely to equal or more than organochlorines. Towards the end of this century, ultraviolet caused by the thinning of the ozone layer depends on organochlorines to radiation, millions of people already skin cancer, blindness and immune system problems will be caused. of organochlorines in food; A large number of marine mammals, fish and many species of wild bird species to serious reproductive, developmental and immune disorders as the cause of death and caused a decrease in population is no longer an undisputed fact. in people exposed to workplace or accidental organochlorines seen similar symptoms. Many types of cancer, immune suppression, infertility, birth defects, low birth weight and learning ability disorders are a growing number of evidence that the connection problems. Exposure to organochlorines, many of these diseases and disorders that occur in the last 20-30 years worldwide is known to be a major factor in the increase. Chlorine, which opened 100 years ago and still continues to spread evil in "Pandora's box" stop. This evil has now only one way to stop: He's giving hand in hand with the government and community organizations, are closing this box cover.

Low Carbon Economy Era Begins

Author: Hansa AYVAZ
Issue 34 Issue ( April - June 2012 )
Subject : Green Jobs


To reduce carbon emissions that cause global warming needs to move to a low carbon economy. To further increase the Earth's temperature-mai from 2-3 degrees of carbon emissions by 2050 is said to be reduced by half-mai need. Greenhouse gas reduction target for the suction-your trip pretends countries is expected to be between 80-90%. must move to a low carbon economy for the realization of these goals. Although it may seem impossible to go down to the target level of emissions, with the commissioning of high energy efficiency and alternative fuels approached those rates. We are at the beginning of the difficult but necessary a new economic order based on the United Nations Trade and Environment Assessment Report. Globe-Selles manic basic flour-sur transportation, information and communications in the wake of the rapid development in technology is now advanced energy, material and resource efficiency, more use of renewable energy sources and sustainable new industrial age that focuses on agriculture.

Global crisis will pave the road from clogging together to form one of the areas growth momentum will also be investment in a low carbon economy . combating climate change, as well as the opportunity costs are also included . Especially for countries with developed -mek a serious growth potential in this area is concerned. These companies are capturing the beginning of the rise of a new wave train - religious expecting higher profits.

Global crisis will pave the road from clogging together to form one of the areas growth momentum will also be investment in a low carbon economy . combating climate change, as well as the opportunity costs are also included . Especially for countries with developed -mek a serious growth potential in this area is concerned. These companies are capturing the beginning of the rise of a new wave train - religious expecting higher profits.

Resource efficiency and the use of materials , activities for the prevention of climate change and water problems, pointing to a strategic market and growth potential in the future. This potential not only for developed countries , developing countries applies to . These countries accelerate low - carbon technology and investment - ration with them , such as energy and the cy - based green building technologies, tremendous opportunities in terms of growth potential over the next 10 years, water - ied . Environmentally friendly technologies include white goods is seen as the area with the highest growth potential. This building insulation , lighting, heating and cooling technologies are watching .

Not only the reduction of investment costs for green space , but also the emergence of significant benefit to the environment, providing the potential for the generation of new income and employment. In case of a decrease in materials and energy costs to provide more budget can be allocated to R & D , an increase in employee training and wages going in question.

The share was 16 percent allocated to green investment - s in the economic stimulus package , commissioned by governments . 81 percent higher than the green economy such as Korea, allocating resources , China 38 per cent , France was the other leading countries with 21 percent. Low carbon and investing in related technologies with high material efficiency can reduce the costs of these technologies on an international scale . The proliferation of state-supported R & D projects will be initiated to increase the social and environmental benefits . Especially in big energy economy , the increase of new investment for the reduction of supply and demand for materials , supplies worldwide , will have a positive impact on the resource and energy prices.

Green economy investments , and macros can be taken in a very short period of recovery from both microeconomic perspective. US green growth area figures to annual savings of $ 1 billion each with an investment of the economy is expected to be made ​​over $ 450 million . In Germany, materials, energy and resource efficiency investments, while reducing production costs from 20 per cent in 10 years , Gross Domestic Product GNI will increase by 10 percent and 700 thousand additional jobs will be created .

International Carbon Markets Arena

Held in Istanbul " International Carbon Markets Arena - Footprint of Climate Change: Low Turkey's Route Transition to Carbon Economy " at the conference to combat climate change in the world and in Turkey taken and to be taken carbon dioxide reduction strategies were discussed.

Former England who attended the meeting Energy Transport Minister Lord Howell, said that the right to make disaster-mongering about global warming. Vice President Al Former US Gore` that follow such a path, but stated that a lot of effort for a greener world Howell, instead of putting into panic with false messages to scare people, do not sacrifice, he said to us should be disclosed would provide benefits like. former Minister said doubts that about which we have been cooling global or is it global warming, they are not suffering from the heat of the northern European countries, but rather because it will allow them to grow their warm climate plants, said they welcomed it. "Less hindsight, consume less" like punishing the message and be useful to put goals can not be achieved, energy costs and lowering the advice of a more efficient said Howell, expensive as wind turbines, said that the more effective the ugly and carbon reduction visually. Howell, natural gas-fired power plants will increase over the next 10 years and therefore become more dependent on the future of Europe's East, China and India also think it would be dependent on coal. Howell` other's thoughts as follows:

* The government needs to focus on energy security.

* Energy Asia in key positions at the moment. It required the establishment of a new International Energy Agency.

* Nuclear energy should be open.

* Fear and penalties do not work, it should be given positive messages.

 Energy Security Analysts Faruk Demir, "To what extent can benefit from sources other than natural gas and coal for a sustainable energy system?" The answer to the question, similar to those in submarines 4th generation 20 kw`t the beginning of the small nuclear power plants should be considered, he said. "Post-Kyoto" and "post-Copenhagen" Iron said it should be financed during the process, Turkey's National Carbon emissions have proposed the establishment of the Ajansı`N to record. Iron stating that the decision on whether to a defense tool or a weapon of carbon limitation, said he would find the political support if well explained by this mechanism. Faruk Demir; "I'm not give up fear with carbon. Currently 150 billion cubic meters of natural gas underground stops and there are still waiting for the billions of barrels to oil discovered. Ultimately, it surely will be a place in the commodity market carbon. It most efficient way got to take advantage," he said.

General Directorate of State Meteorological Works Betty Sword, Black Sea made climate change models based on the increase in rainfall in the region, the reductions will occur in the Mediterranean region, he said it would be reductions in snow in Eastern Anatolia. Sword indicates that it is important in terms of its water resources are, outlined the potential impacts of climate change as follows: water stress, forest fires, a decrease in water resources, increase in vector diseases, reduction of biodiversity, diversification in coastal areas, agricultural production yields decline and prices rise, the increase in producer incomes, consumers reduction in welfare, a 5-degree rise in temperature in Yozgat, Sivas and Tokat, an increase in malaria cases, the positive impact of tourism on the rise in sea water temperature. Sword, in 2050 it was estimated to be $ 300 billion in disaster losses said to be $ 1 and $ 7 measures to prevent disaster damage, he said.

Turkey Automotive Manufacturers Association General Secretary Prof. Dr. Ercan thesis, the vehicles produce their vehicles, using and examining separately the emissions that occur when scrapped, he said and added that it should:

"It will be our way when 2012`y bride 14.68 million vehicles.

"Vehicles of 2012 kilometers, which will be reduced to 120 grams of carbon dioxide emissions are 95 grams in 2020, 2025 and is to be reduced to 75 grams.

"The drive to produce less emissions, should be given training in the use of environmentally friendly vehicles.

İSTAÇ Systems Development Manager Dr. Oğuz Can summarize drew attention to the following issues:

* We can not develop our own standard of carbon in Turkey?

* Climate Change Coordination Kurulu`N does not seem able to manage the new process with the existing structure. Treasury Board, Finance, Education, are not represented in institutions such as TUBITAK.

* Environment and Forestry under the Ministry of Climate Change Department should be established.

* Climate Change at University Graduate programs should be initiated.

* The media should be increased attention to this issue.

* National Climate Change Strategy to be published.

* Turkey should prepare an inventory of carbon emissions. tüık`t a unit should be established for it.

* National Registration System must be installed. Who it does not known how carbon trading.

* Climate Group should be established in Parliament to do `.

* Local governments should take a more active role in climate change.

US Consul General in Istanbul, Sharon, US President Obama's environmental targets that the development and said that emphasis the need for a new industrial revolution. Saharon summarize said:

"We aim to reduce US carbon dioxide emissions by 20-50%.

"Building is 80% less energy expenses allocated.

"The disposal of nuclear technology and waste should be developed.

"Must turn to more cost-effective source of energy.

"Consideration should be given to biofuels.

Zorlu Energy Deputy General Manager Sinan Ak, the world's largest wind power plants in Osmaniye` "Voluntary Emission Reduction" project, he said and added:

"This plant is 25-30 million euros per year while electricity sales, emissions trading will also be obtained by earning 3 million euros per year. So the share of total income ratio of emissions trading is not to be underestimated as 10%.

"50`s% of world trade poses voluntary carbon projects in Turkey.

Industrial Development Bank of Turkey, TSKB Assistant General Manager Orhan Beşkök, said they support the bank as climate change projects. Energy production in the loans they make and distribution projects that 23% of the share saying Beşkök, 2008, a total of 41,000 MW installed power of our 2014 61,000 mw` to be increased, while renewable energy to 14 thousand mw`t that that 24 thousand mw` to be said and added:

"$ 1 billion financing of 4 billion tons of greenhouse gas emissions be reduced by the support.

"Tskb`n which is the carbon footprint of year 2008 1250 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent, was reset in Ankara landfill project.

"TSKB reduced its electricity consumption by 7% and supplied the needs of the entire Enerji`N abundance of renewable resources. It has reduced the consumption of paper and other items.

"TSKB the period 2008-2009 has been awarded the prize of Europe by the Financial Times Sustainable Bank.

BG Energy Holdings Group Director Mehmet Counselor, even if the doubling of renewable energy, he said that 7-8% is not adequate to meet the energy needs of the world. To Turkey, which will be imposed on climate change Counselor who wish to caution against the criterion, although he said the domestic share of the energy we use less energy too sharply, and drew attention to energy efficiency. Counselor also added the following:

* We need to develop common strategies in the energy field with the countries around us.

* The 50`s% of large energy projects due to the global economic crisis the world has stopped. This will cause distress, it does not occur in the future energy supply. It is time to renew electricity.

* Arab and Russian capital fleeing the UK. This capital may be attracted to Turkey.

* UK climate change focuses on the sector.

Meeting Assoc. Dr. Ltd. volcano. Ediger, closing the left with the words: Never point we can not be proud of it today. Fossils of the damage we do to the environment by reducing the use of fuel and avoid further our success, it's not as big as in the reduction of fuel consumption. No country could not reach the targets set in advance in Kyoto`. We need to do more. In this meeting, we will be happy if it contributes to the formation of properly functioning carbon market.

The white death Soil: Salinisation

Author: Professor Dr. victory AYVAZ
Issue 37 Issue (Jan - Mar 2013)
Subject : Soil

a delicate balance for the irrigation of agricultural land is available. Always more water , the more products it means to come , emerging problems in the GAP irrigation project was seen once more. Arid regions in the soil , the need to give more water , more than enough to use the irrigation water , not to increase efficiency , which leads to problems.

Salt, the continuity of life - from you is very interesting and a compound in a sensitive position . The water-soluble salt , ionic feature win and the operation of the sodium-potassium pump is an important system for the vitality of the cells and acts on the body's ion balance -made preserved . Salt , herbs and salt balance in terms of maintaining the animals is very important. This balance deteriorate , especially arable land , when exposed to excessive salt , the soil becomes barren and unproductive .

Temperature is high in areas where there is little rainfall, soil data-mini increasing uncontrolled over-watering the plant to the purpose-tion, the increase of salinity in the soil and leads to excessive salinity. This event stretch-ment is as follows: underground water moving toward the Earth, when it encounters a layer of soil with low permeability during the trip, it begins to accumulate on this layer. It continues to be watered, if such a soil, the ground level of the accumulated water increases. When the evaporation and moisture depending on the use of plants in the topsoil reduced ground water, passing through the capillary channels in the soil structure, moves the topsheet. This is called capillary action. Meanwhile, the salts in the groundwater and soil, the soil is moved to the top. Of salt in geological structures, moving upward with the movement of the water is not the main factor in soil salinization. Critical factors for excessive salinity, the amount of salt in the irrigation water. up to 1000 ppm of salt water for use as irrigation water quantity, that must be a thousand percent. It is not suitable for more than one value irrigation. Even the Euphrates River with good quality irrigation water feature, every year carries around a ton of soluble salts in about a hectare. that carried salt with water in irrigated land directly to lead to excessive salt-taste it. The main set-salinization of spectators factors, the high groundwater table, hydrogeological characteristics of the land, of course, be more water in the soil is to use more fertilizer and stretch to the wrong-fied.

a delicate balance for the irrigation of agricultural land is available. Always more water, the more products it means to come, emerging problems in the GAP irrigation project complainant seen-once more. Arid regions in the soil, the need to give more water, more than enough to use the irrigation water, not to increase efficiency, which leads to problems. Therefore, "I get very watered very product" idea as a healthy approach, moreover, have led to much more serious consequences. and maximum current balance of economic principles in the universe at any scale is clearly visible-MEK is also available to irrigate the land.

Worldwide, about 10 million hectares per year , in other words, about 2.5 times the area of ​​Konya, a result of excessive salinity - m surface area of the province is transformed to unproductive land. Due to improper irrigation techniques and extreme drought last season , the US , India, Australia and countries such as Turkey, the land , the salinization incident is more common . fertile farmland in these countries are faced with the threat of desertification . These losses are reflected in the national budget as well as billions of dollars in damage .

Excessive salinity of the soil and eventually turn into the desert, another reason is the conversion of existing forest areas into agricultural land were destroyed. The environment over the years by cutting the trees obviously unbalanced, that depending on the unbalanced and excessive irrigation, was followed by excessive salinity problems. As a result, the ecological balance of the region initially forests were destroyed for agricultural land has become degraded and barren and useless. As of this point, only an annual loss of agricultural products of the Australian government, is $ 130 million, this loss continues to increase every year.

Depending on the excessive salinity of the soil, there are historical records of the productive land on a large scale to turn the slab desert. Known as Mesopotamia, Iraq, Syria and southeastern Anatolia region between the eastern triangle, considerable time has been the cradle of civilization with very fertile soil. Today, unfortunately, this fertile soil significantly deserted and barren. So, how it was also a time of very fertile soil today has become big in the desert? Research conducted under the desertification of these areas, revealed that the soil or excess salt. Our country is faced with this threat in the territory, especially in the GAP region. The soil irrigated with the start of the Harran plain over-salting has been raised. Our beautiful and fertile soil too late taking the necessary measures should prevent the desertification-menu.

What's the solution?

From past to today, the most important measures taken in response to this problem, the land will be irrigated arid and semi-arid climate in the region with the establishment of drainage systems. This system can be either in the form of the laying of underground drainage pipe can be in the form of open drainage channels. salt in the soil with more irrigation water is removed through these systems. As a separate measure to raise the plants do not want excess water making product changes over the years, it is another way to go to avoid salinity. to irrigate the crop and oil-drip sprinkler systems used-mai reap significant application to reduce the occurrence of salinity-Is. To reduce evaporation that trigger particular salinity in the warm evenings of making the irrigation process is of paramount importance. Because the evening temperature drop will be less than the vapor-sation by day. extreme level to be in the summer evaporation, agricultural land should be left empty, dense planting of products such manner forage crops to be covered with a cloth to be made. Another important consideration in reducing extreme salinity, though, is to educate the people who are employed in the agricultural sector. Which plants are watered how, how much you need water, the salinity of the water should be given the answers to questions such as what the most and avoid unnecessary watering. These measures would not only reduce excessive salinity will ensure maximum benefit from both plants produced.

Another measure to reduce excessive salinity in soil is salt-tolerant plants grow in these regions. Avoid the plant's continued life is not essentially a biological incompatibility between salinity. There are also plants that grow in seawater. The important thing is to choose the right product. Cereals (wheat, corn, barley) are not tolerant to salt concentration. Instead, sugar beet, cotton, grapes, sunflower, alfalfa prefer such products will lead to reduction of salt in the soil. The resulting elimination of salinity and land reclamation for the salt content of the soil should be washed with low water. What is important here is that the existence of a good drainage system and cleaning process done within certain limits.

All we can put these measures into practice, due to excessive salt in our world, the desertification of arable land and we get the opportunity to block the white death. Ecosystem holistic look of the water is a boon per each head, the salt in but we know it works when used in balance, as more of the world we take as relics of the next generation of green, we will deliver them more efficiently and more habitable state, as well as agricultural products shortage we have traction.

Resources:

Jim Murphy, Salinity or silent disaster.

Kwiatowsky June 1998. Salinity Classification, Mapping and Management in Alberta.

Jim Diamond, Collapse: Salt of the Earth

Terry R 1997. Soil Salinity.

Right Message in Environmental Education

environmental issues related to the past, most people did not care. But today worldwide occurring in the population explosion, industry, science and advances in technology, people relaxed the effort, especially economic wars, coupled with more unnecessary consumption and thus led to more natural areas and resources destroyed, in our air as a result of, our water and on pieces of land we inhabit has led to contamination. As a result of all this is necessary or unnecessary development worldwide has appeared more energy needs. To meet this need for energy such as coal, oil and nuclear sources, always, always a source of pollution or environmental pollution has been to increase the resource studies tend to enormous risks. As a result, starting from our immediate environment (air pollution in our cities, the difficulties experienced in providing clean drinking water, such as difficulties in waste disposal and evaluation) globally in very big trouble appeared. Therefore, environmental issues worldwide to nearly everyone now began to take priority order.

Environmental sensitivity can be called, showing care for natural resources, reduce pollution, waste prevention as well as environmental awareness place it deserves in the world yet not exactly where it should be no period of history in developing countries the same subject had not taken. To give an example from our country in this regard; Turkey was a country famous for its rich natural beauty we see that the recent slow starts to fade our this beauty, economically as we become a consumer society, in this context, the environment and especially the use of materials that pose a threat to our health, forests to open fields in our natural areas burning, grazing animals destroying goats so young seedlings in new forest areas, income providing for the sake of medicinal value also is unconsciously collection of natural genetic resources of our our plants with economic value to take into account the destruction, to reduce the editing costs that exist in the importation or already old technology and the environment constitute a threat to not using the latest technology in cost accounting because the company is equipped with older technology, environmentally harmful wastes are considered not run the cleaning unit in order to reduce the cost of electricity generating business in the outside controls.

Our countries continue so that these events can be described as negative outcomes for the environment is not the fate of developing countries, including, should not be. These are routed to the wrong people, conscious of their lack of errors occurring. People are rooted in social life or unconsciously wrong approach. In fact, given the message to find the place, but to find work, to give the message Any instance needs to solve the existing problems in itself; I also believe that campaigns to reach a wide audience for energy efficiency now being repeated frequently. However, the approach to focus on getting a saving slogan economically. In fact, messages should be given, how much less coal for energy efficiency, to use fossil fuels such as oil, how much will be less waste of natural resources and should therefore be involved in the air we breathe is how much less polluting. So we will achieve a real sense of the abdomen should be emphasized that a clean and healthy living environment as well as economic profit we will achieve. To give you another example on the same topic, summer and winter hour adjustments are made public each year, saving obtained and reported here. Therefore, the people would have made it compulsory savings with this approach. But enough focus on the subject, it should be hung in homes with savings and giving this message will be set in the workplace.

Speaking of saving, too little water saving tackle. Today we live in the village collectively as the city is the biggest problem of all settlements of clean and potable water supply. The reaction to the mention saving you give some people might have heard in your environment: "My brother is not the money." This is not an acceptable response. The answer to such people certainly should be: "No, my brother is not the money." People water saving told in my opinion to be given, "These settlements to meet more or unnecessary water needs arising from the waste of the unit several rivers, lakes and underground water sources dried, what are their effects on the natural environment and climate, vibrant and living in this environment due to climate change manufacturers how difficult the situation, the economic level of the society we live in difficult water supply goods to what is happening to people who are low? "should be the messages.

Food waste is also a separate issue. Today in the world , or locally in our own country we look at proposed solutions to meet the nutritional needs of growing each year ;

a) get more efficiency from the same soil , so more artificial fertilizers , hormones and even the use of chemical agents ;

b) to provide new land for agriculture ;

c) turning to transgenic crops ;

suggestions are most in demand . That approach has been constructed on the establishment of the supply-demand balance . Why; farmlands to open to increase production . Result? The destruction of natural areas . So what is the alternative ? Excessive use of chemical fertilizers , excessive use of pesticides. Is this all chemicals used by plants ? No. So to go from these chemicals ? Or to go to the depths of the earth and will stay there which will lead to salinity by irrigation after a while , it will be as a result of desertification . Or be involved in underground and surface water resources through rainwater washed . We provide our drinking water we have in the waters over this ground and , therefore, the carcinogenic effect chemicals will poison our drinking water. Result , an increase in cancer . Even with a wash of pesticides , especially on the foods we eat I think I have to remind the effect of reduction .

When it comes to pollution issues; the messages in today mainly focuses on how to clean the contaminated area. Is forgotten-goods, the most effective way to prevent pollution, the pollution source is drying. On the one hand polluted, broke, how do we fix later he seek and destroy roads, or how do you think it is reasonable to expect it from someone. We have a lot of experience in our daily lives even. Demolish-easy to break, it is difficult to do. Especially when this is a very delicate balance on the board dealt with a closed ecosystem for the world in terms of natural processes to be almost impossible or too much recovery time is needed. See, even today with the environmentalist approach to human activities damage our natural life and the environment. Because people can not adapt to the environment where biodegradable. But it is expected to adapt to the environment. This loss, it is impossible to prevent perhaps, but it is possible to minimize.

issues related to the environment in the past, most people do not care about our community's input, I said. This was true in terms of our cultural approach. Because of our cultural history we did not waste unconsciously. We live for ourselves dikiyordu.ön three trees instead of keeping the environment clean and did not cut a tree destroyed. So how did we come to today. Whether it also has changed the speed. Whether this cultural influence or as a result of imperialism. What varies. This is our present situation. Well, it did not improve? Why not. But before we come to believe, and our young people who need to be convinced that. Some say, "Am I a sucker for this nation, and I'll fight anyone the violation of reasons" to do something for the environment by staying away from such approaches. I think the first message to be given to our people: "If I have a contribution requirement I am willing to be the sucker of the real world" should be the approach. Holistic not agree even organized a movement in the sense, at least we can do our part in our own living environment should be the message. This is the message that people should show toward the living-making above all, should tell him later. Remember, anything you do to the people that live-in will not be effective to put this.

Our teachers! social at the science, music from the picture, the foreign language Turkish sample A, the physical education as religious and moral knowledge in every discipline, from the village to the town, all over the country to the great metropolises of the small city, kindergarten from our area educator on a sacred mission as educating the people responsible to come to university! The environmental sensitivity of the guarantee of our future that our young people from the school environment is you who will give messages correctly. Another is reasonable to expect that one of the tasks; because formal, structured and meaningful as no one else to give this message. Do not leave this issue to the only branch of science teacher you think would be the information about the environment. Whatever your industry, for that matter you may have a very large contribution. Just as an example, I would like to offer you a few approaches you can do so much as summarized below:

ıf you are a Turkish or foreign language teachers, the course of your use of the text-hatchet You can choose which parts to read positive messages to the environment. Or read the book proposing, or offer samples of the same composition and purpose printing done with your work as a Sport discussing them in the classroom, and you will have made a contribution to environmental education.

If you are a math teacher, you can use the sample problems involving environmental impact and loss and recovery cost-benefit of your mathematical calculations. After the calculation of this problem is that there are or may be both attracted students' attention by telling a real environmental issues, both issues have moved from theoretical weight your children's daily life that you have updated.

If you have a picture or music teacher, will attract attention on environmental problems or children to provide separation from the evil seeing the beauty of nature pictures, you can make music studies and discussing them in a very short, even if you can contribute to environmental consciousness formation.

If you are a religious culture and ethics classes teachers will give messages about the environment I think can use so many resources that you have 

If you are a social studies teacher or human rights course, the message that the greatest human right to live clean and healthy environment, they can leak with students tartıştırarak.

Meanwhile, the effort to create awareness of the need to leave only to parents and teachers, I think. Ã? Especially lately almost every segment of society, such as television and radio and in the case was a prisoner of audio visual media. Of course in the field of environmental education into this vast media power in the written press, the society's environmental awareness to all segments used to give messages to development.

In short, the first family, starting with young people and society more environmentally conscious society and the training of all members can be grown. First of all, individuals and society before him, then must take responsibility for all humanity.

Environmental education should start from the family, because childhood is a crucial period for the construction of the personality. During this period, the child's good from bad, he learned to distinguish right from wrong and is a period in which to develop its own personality. If in the five to ten year period following this period if previously corrected inaccurate or desired direction different from the configuration of the personality traits and character behavior, tomorrow may be too late for you both to himself.

You make big sacrifices without mercy for all the needs of your children visible today. Both exponentially with very great difficulty. Why for your children and for their children (even for all humanity) countless sacrifices, even if you do not strive for the development of all useful behavior? El chance ones, which may give the right messages showcasing positive attitude to the environment, why in the name of very important issues to raise awareness of the people who constitute the society "green" in that a handful of people, you'll leave without support as well as ever? Do you have any other place in this world to go over? At least the support of the people working in this field.

International Carbon Markets Arena

Author : Prof. Dr. Zafer AYVAZ
Number : Number 24 (October-December 2009)
Subject : Jobs In Yesil


Held in Istanbul, "International carbon markets Arena - the footprints of climate change: the transition route to a low carbon economy in Turkey", in Turkey and the World Conference to combat climate change that need to be taken and carbon dioxide mitigation strategies were discussed.

Transport Minister Lord Howell, former UK energy attending the meeting, said that it was to do the voice of Doom about global warming. Former U.S. Vice President Al Gore followed such a path, but more stating that you didn't spend the time and effort to a world Yesil Howell, frightening the people with the wrong message to the panic rather than sacrifice what it is to be stated that should be disclosed to provide the benefits won. Former minister said there were doubts about where we live is global warming or global cooling, not warming of the northern European countries they are complaining about, on the contrary, as it will give you the means to grow warm climate plants, said that they welcomed it. "In hindsight less, consume less," punitive messages and it is useful to set achievable goals, lowering energy costs, Howell is saying that the recommendations for more efficient wind turbines are expensive, ugly and visually effective in reducing carbon that has not been stated. Howell, natural gas power plants within the next 10 years will increase and will therefore become more dependent to the east of Europe, also thinks that China and India dependent on coal would be. Howell other thoughts:

* Governments need to focus on energy security.
* Energy in Asia currently is in the lock position. The establishment of a new International Energy Agency, required.
* Should be open to nuclear energy.
* Fear and punishment doesn't work, positive messages should be given.
 Energy security Analyst Faruk Demir, "a sustainable energy system for natural gas and coal from sources outside the extent we can take advantage of?" when searching for an answer to the question, similar to those in the sub 4. generation 20 kW, starting from small nuclear power plants should also be considered, he said. "Post-Kyoto" and "Copenhagen post -" period should be financed in that said process Iron, Turkey's National Agency has proposed the establishment of a carbon to record purchases. Carbon limitation, indicating that Iron needs to be decided that would be a weapon or a defensive tool, a good explanation of this mechanism in the case of stated that they would find political support. Faruk Demir; "let's not give up carbon with fear. Currently there are still billions of barrels of underground sounds and 150 billion cubic meters of natural gas waiting to be discovered. Eventually, it will have a place in the market of the carbon commodity. We need to take advantage of this in the most efficient way," he said.

Heart of Sword from the General Directorate of state Meteorology Affairs-made climate change models, according to an increase in precipitation in the Black Sea region in the Mediterranean region continue to decline, said there would be a decrease in the thickness of the snow in Eastern Anatolia. This is important in terms of our water resources, indicating that the Sword, the possible effects of climate change were listed as follows: water stress, forest fires, a reduction in water resources, an increase in vector diseases, biodiversity reduction, the coastal areas of differentiation, a decrease in yield and price increase in agricultural production, the increase in consumer income a decrease in producer welfare, Tokat-Sivas and yozgat in the region an increase in temperature of 5 degrees, an increase in cases of malaria, sea water temperature increase is a positive reflection on tourism. The sword, by the year 2050 the world's 300 billion-dollar disaster losses to be received and said that it has been predicted that there will be $ 1 measures 7 dollar said it would prevent the effects of disasters.

Turkey's automotive manufacturers ' Association General Secretary Prof. Dr. Ercan Tezer, vehicle produce, using and scrapping the emissions that will occur when said leaves should be considered separately, and added:
"2012 will be the tool in our ways when it comes to 14.680.000.
"Vehicles will be reduced to 120 grams per kilometer of carbon dioxide emissions in 2012, 95 grams in 2020, 2025 and will be reduced to 75 grams.
"Drivers to produce less emission, environmentally sensitive should be given training on using the tool.
ISTAÇ development system Director Dr. Oğuz bell drew attention to the following issues in summary:
* Turkey can we improve our own carbon as standard?
* Climate change coordination board with the current structure, the new process is able to manage. In the assembly, Treasury, Finance, education, institutions such as Tubitak are not represented.
* Climate change department within the Ministry of environment and forestry should be established.
* Climate change graduate programs in universities should be started.
* Should increase the media attention to this issue.
* National climate change strategy document should be published.
* Turkey should be prepared an inventory of carbon purchases. Turkstat should be established for this unit.
* A national registration system should be established. Carbon trading who did what and how much is unknown.
* In parliament, the climate group should be established.
* Local governments should take a more active role on Climate Change.
The U.S. Consul General Sharon, President Obama aiming the development of a new industrial revolution with an emphasis on the environment and that we need voiced. Sharon said In summary:
"U.S. carbon dioxide emissions by 20-50%, we aim to reduce at a rate of.
"The buildings are 80% less energy spending.
"Nuclear technologies and the disposal of waste should be developed.
"Lower-cost energy sources should focus on.
"Biofuels should be given.
Assistant of zorlu energy General Manager Sinan AK, said he was in osmaniye wind farm is the world's largest voluntary emission reduction project and added:
"This plant is 25-30 million euros per year from the sale of electricity is made when a gain of 3 million euros per year with Emission Trading will be obtained. So, total income of the share in emissions trading 10% and a sizeable proportion of the population.
"Voluntary carbon trading in the world of 50% represents projects in Turkey.
Orhan beşkök Deputy General Manager Industrial Development Bank of Turkey Bank of bank support climate change projects, he said. The share of energy production and distribution projects in 23 percent said their loan Beşkök, 2008 at 41,000 MW of the total MW installed power with installed capacity of 14 thousand MW of renewable energy that will increase our 2014 61,000 MW stated that this would be increased to 24 thousand and added:
"$1 billion in funding to support greenhouse gas emissions by 4 billion tons can be reduced.
"1250 tons carbon dioxide equivalent in 2008 tskb's carbon footprint, the project zeroed in Ankara veterans were garbage.
"TSKB electricity consumption 7% reduced abundance of energy from renewable sources and has supplied all the needs. It has reduced paper and similar consumer items.
"TSKB sustainable banking award in europe by the Financial Times in the period of 2008-2009, has received.
Mehmet Ogutcu Director of BG energy Holdings group, 7-8% at a doubling of renewable energy in the world even if the rate is not enough to meet energy needs, he said. Turkey is against the criteria which may be imposed on the Counselor of climate change in the energy of who you want to be careful although we expressed the energy using and energy efficiency of the domestic share is less coarse drew attention. The addition of the Counselor added the following:
* We need to adopt common strategies with the countries in the field of energy around us.
* Due to the global economic crisis, the world's largest energy projects 50% of stopped. This future tribulation will cause the formation of energy supply. It is time to do refresh of electricity.
* Arab and is on the run from the Russian capital of Britain. These funds can be taken to Turkey.
* UK climate change gives weight to the sector.
The Meeting Was Chaired By Assoc. Dr. Volkan Ş. Ediger, closing with the words: we are proud of where we are today with a never. The use of fossil fuels through the reduction and prevention of damage we've done to our success in nature, reducing the consumption of these fuels in its big. Kyoto of any country in the pre-determined goals did not reach. We need to do more. This meeting we will be happy if functioning properly, contribute to the formation of a carbon market.